ABSTRACT
Objective To establish and improve the quality standard of ginkgo semen decoction pieces. Methods The morphological character for 29 batches of ginkgo gemen and 12 batches of stir-fried ginkgo gemen were observed, and the moisture contents were assayed using the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement. Results The character of ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo gemen were consistent in different batches. The moisture content of ginkgo gemen was 8.8% to 12.2%, with an average of 10.5%. The moisture content of stir-fried ginkgo gemen was from 5.4% to 12.3%, with an average of 8.9%. Considering that ginkgo semen decoction pieces are stored for a long time, they are prone to the attack of mildew and insects, and the moisture limit is set to be no more than 10.0% in ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo. Conclusion Compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement, the character identification for ginkgo semen decoction pieces was added and the quality standards were improved. The moisture content of ginkgo semen decoction pieces needs to be strictly controlled under 10.0% to prevent mildew and insects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous assay of macrocyclic polyphenols from Penthorum chinense Pursh, pinocembrin-7-O-[4'', 6''-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucose (PHG), pinocembrin-7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'', 6''-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucose (PGHG) and pinocembrin dihydrochalcone-7-O-[3''-O-galloyl-4'', 6''-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-β-D-glucoside or thonningianin A (THA), and optimize the extraction process. Methods The total extraction rate of PHG, PGHG, THA was used as an investigated index to analyze the extracts from Penthorum chinense Pursh. Orthogonal design was applied to evaluate solvent amount, extraction time, solvent concentration and extraction times as the influencing factors for the optimal extraction process of macrocyclic polyphenols from Penthorum chinense Pursh. Results When this content assay method was adopted, there were good linear relationships for PHG, PGHG, THA in the linear range. The recoveries were between 100.90% to 102.04% with the RSDs below 1.5%. The optimal extraction process was involved in cutting Penthorum chinense Pursh into 3-5 cm, adding 10 times 80% ethanol aqueous solution by volume and refluxing 2 hours twice. The extraction rate of macrocyclic polyphenols was above 90% with this process. Conclusion This assay method is accurate, stable, and repeatable. The optimized extraction process is stable and feasible for further development and utilization.
ABSTRACT
Objective To provide the experimental basis for the subsequent genetic diversity research through establishing and optimizing the inter-simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR-PCR) reaction system of Gnaphalium affine. Methods The single-factor experimental method and full experimental method were used to optimize the ISSR-PCR reaction system of Gnaphalium affine. Under the optimal system, after screening primers and corresponding annealing temperatures, the systematic feasibility was verified. Results The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system was consisted of 10 μl Premix Taq DNA polymerase, 0.3 μmol/L primer, 10 ng DNA template, and sterilized water added to 20 μl. Finally, 10 primers were screened from 100 universal primers, and verification results indicated the system had high stability, good reproducibility, and the selected primers had good polymorphism. Conclusion The ISSR-PCR amplification system of Gnaphalium affine was established for the first time and the primers with appropriate annealing temperatures were filtered out, which provided a reference for the subsequent genetic diversity research of Gnaphalium affine.